Circuit Breakdown

Three Circuit Stages

The site uses the same three-stage structure required by the project brief: detector input, counter display logic, and LED status control. Each section below is paired with the supplied diagram assets so the written explanation and the schematic view stay together.

Open stage partition PDF Open component PDF Stage 1 files Stage 2 files Stage 3 files Complete circuit

Stage 1 diagram from the provided image set.

Stage 01

Input And Output Parking Detector

Two custom-built IR sensing paths detect vehicle entry and exit at the parking gates. In the physical build the TCRT5000 module is used, while in Proteus the detector is represented with an IREMITTER and PHOTODIODE pair plus transistor conditioning.

When an obstacle is present the conditioned output rises and triggers either the count-up or count-down input. Manual push buttons are included so the circuit can be tested and reset without depending only on the optical path.

Use the Proteus workaround for the education license: IREMITTER plus PHOTODIODE rather than a full prebuilt IR module. Keep the analog conditioning stage separate before moving into the counter inputs.

TCRT5000 x2 2N3904 x2 BC548 option Push buttons 330 ohm / 1k / 18k

Stage 2 counter and display view from the provided diagrams.

Stage 02

Counter And Display Interface

Two CD40110BE decade up/down counters are cascaded with carry and borrow links so the circuit can display occupancy from 00 to 30. The units display handles the first digit and the tens display changes as capacity rises through the warning range and into the reset-at-30 state.

Each display segment requires its own current-limiting resistor and the displays must be common cathode devices. Pull-down resistors on CLKUP, CLKDN, and RESET keep the logic stable when no signal is present.

Use common cathode displays only. Do not substitute common anode devices. The CD40110BE is a specialist IC, so confirm stock with Communica before visiting.

CD40110BE x2 CC 7-segment x2 330 ohm x14 10k pull-down x3 Reset button

Stage 3 LED control and NE555 flashing stage.

Stage 03

LED Status Control Interface

The tens counter outputs g, f, and e feed a 74LS04 inverter and 74LS08 AND gate network to decode the occupancy state into green, yellow, flashing red, and reset behavior for the 00-to-30 design.

Instead, a transistor and DPDT relay isolate the logic from an NE555 astable timer. That separation protects the counter stage while enabling a visible flashing warning across the 20-29 range before the system resets at 30.

Do not connect the NE555 directly to the counter output. Use the transistor, relay, and flyback diode so the timer remains electrically isolated from the decoding logic.

Recommended flashing setup: 22k ohm resistor with 20uF capacitor for roughly a 1Hz flashing rate. Use a 5V relay coil and place a 1N4148 diode across the coil.

74LS04 x1 74LS08 x1 NE555 x1 DPDT relay 5V 2N3904 1N4148

Output States

LED Status Logic

The final decoded output state is easy to test in the browser demo and easy to verify in the circuit diagrams.

Open counter demo Open diagrams

Green

Count 00 to 09

Normal operating range with parking still available.

gfe = 011
G = 0, F = 1, E = 1

Yellow

Count 10 to 19

Warning range showing the system is filling up toward the maximum capacity.

gfe = 000
decoded through inverter logic

Flashing Red

Count 20 to 29

High-capacity warning range with relay-switched NE555 flashing red output.

gfe = 101
relay + NE555 active

Reset At 30

Count 30 maximum

Terminal state where the Stage 3 decoder asserts the reset condition for the next counting cycle.

gfe = 100
reset output active