How The Circuit Works
The system is built stage by stage: sensor detection creates clean logic pulses, the counter stage tracks the occupancy value, and the status stage translates the count into green, yellow, or flashing red output states.
Input Detection
Two IR sensor paths at the entry and exit points produce the count-up and count-down pulses. In hardware the TCRT5000 module is used; in Proteus the equivalent pair is IREMITTER plus PHOTODIODE.
Counting Logic
The conditioned pulses feed cascaded CD40110BE counters. Carry and borrow chaining allows the design to show vehicle count across two seven-segment displays while staying in pure hardware.
Status Decoding
Output bits from the tens counter feed 74LS04 and 74LS08 logic. Green indicates 0-9, yellow indicates 10-19, and the full state switches an isolated NE555 flashing red output.
Build Discipline
The assignment requires each stage to be designed and tested independently first. That structure is reflected across the diagrams, BOM, tutorials, and PDF documents in this site.
